Now let us try to find the foundation of The Republic. Ithink it’s cerebrate why ? You will find easily there are two mainthemes in The Republic. They are the good life of individuals andthe ideal state.
First. Plato concludes there are three different butcorresponding parts to a man. It’s the appetites ambition andreason. And he make alter that the individuals be the good lifeonly through the reasoned mind ruling over the appetites and theambition. So we can conclude that the reason is the foundation ofthe good life of individuals.
Secondly. Plato also think there are three different butcorresponding parts to a state. It’s three classes : the commonpeople the auxiliaries and the guardians. He argues theguardians must rule over the common people and the auxiliaries forthe ideal state because the common people and the auxiliarieslack cerebrate and the guardian have it. So we can cerebrate that thereason is the foundation of the ideal express.
Now we can get a conclusion that the cerebrate is the rightof ruling. And Plato’s cave is a good example. The formula (“two r” ):
Except the two. Plato also makes clear that slaves ,bothmale and female are to be ruled because they lack reason andtheir masters undergo it. And the woman can’t be the ruler ,alsobecause the women by nature are less capable of controlling naturalpassion by cerebrate. It’s clear why the slaves and women aredeprived is that they are lack cerebrate by nature.
Someone are born to be the guardians ; someone are born tobe the auxiliaries ; someone are born to be the common populate. Itdepends on the quantity of the cerebrate which God givethem.
Myabove analysis of the foundation of The Republic will be thefoundation of my following criticize. There are two challenge in mymind after my above analysis the foundation of The Republic. Oneis whether “ two r ” ( cerebrate = ruling ) is sound. It’s aboutlogic. The other is if the allocation of reason to individuals isunequal. It’s about supposition.
First let us analyze whether “ two r ” ( reason =ruling ) is sound. We must make clear that the reason has nothingto do with virtues but leads to the certain abstention in theRepublic. It’s clear for everyone that the abstention doesn’tcontain the good but the virtues contains the abstention. Now ,we should think whether the cerebrate can command over the appetites andthe ambition. No doubt the reason can rule over the ambition. Butthe reason can’t command over the appetities ,because the reason isbased on the consideration of the appetities. The rational personlives for his acquire. Sometimes one may abandon his small profitfor the profit of collectivity just in appearance in fact for hislarger profit. So the abstention which comes from the reason isnot a virtue. On other transfer the ambition can rule over theappetities sometimes. Now we can get the conclusion thatPlato’s “ two r ” is not sound. The most important thing weshould see is that the reason can not bring about to the virtue. In otherword. It’s difficult that one person lives with much reason andmuch virtue. The reason and virtue are always not corresponding.
Then how to save the do by of the logic. We mustintroduce another concept. It’s the morality. In other evince ,there are four elements existing in the individual soul : theappetities the ambition the reason and the morality. Thenthe morality rules over the appetities and the reason can ruleover the ambition. In the end the good govern comes. So we canget the new formula:
Second let us analyze whether the allocation of reason toindividuals is unequal by nature. And the inequality is large. Plato argues that the division of the population into differentsections ---Rulers. Auxiliaries. Common populate --- is not due toeducation but to the gold plate and iron put into their soulsby God. So in Plato’s opinion who you will be doesn’t dependon yourself ,but on God. Everyone is a puppet controlled by Godideal state.
Idon’t agree with him. In my opinion. God gives everyone the nearreason ,and we can do everything which another one can do. Thedifferences with us just are who bring home the bacon harder and who get betteropportunity. Surely we do not find something do by with thelogic. But. I think Plato’s the supposition is wrong and I havethe right supposition. At least my supposition corresponds tothe fact and Plato’s does not. So we get another formulainstead of The formula ②
Related article:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e16c7b301000cow.html
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