Generally one might prefer grander settings for one's moments of illumination--Wordsworth's lakes. Amiel's azure peaks--but it was in this instance the very dreariness of my surroundings that occasioned my awakening. The station's oblong pillars were blackly begrimed; shreds of posters in garish hues hung limply from the walls; in shallow depressions of the concrete floor opaque pools of oleaginous water glistened with a sinister opalescence; an astringent chemical odor of antiseptics vying with various organic purulences suffused the damp air; a scattering of garret torsos farther along the platform bore eloquent witness to the malaise of Britain's post-war gene pool; and nothing was out of the ordinary. But all at once two thoughts occurred to me simultaneously and their wholly fortuitous conjunction amounted to a revelation. One was something like "Boredom is the death of civilization"; and the other something like "America has never been this modern." Not that this place was conspicuously worse than--or even as wretched as--countless stops along the way in the United States but anyone who has lived in Britain for some time should understand how such a place might in a moment of calm clarity seem like the gray glacial heart of a gray and glaciated universe. Somehow this place was adequate to its age--to that pervasive social atmosphere of resignation at which modern Britain is all but unsurpassed; it was disenchantment made palpable the material manifestation of a national soul unstirred by extravagant expectations or exorbitant hopes. Admittedly contemporary England's epic drabness makes everything seem worse; in the Mediterranean sun culture's decay can be intoxicatingly charming (and Catholic decadence is so much richer than Protestant decadence). This is an inexcusably impressionistic way of thinking. I know but it seems to me at least to suggest a larger cause for the remarkable willful infertility of the native European peoples: not simply general affluence high taxes sybaritism working women or historical exhaustion but a vast metaphysical boredom. This is not to say that the American birthrate overall is particularly robust hovering as it is just at or below "replacement level," but it has not sunk to the European continental average of only 1.4 children per woman (so reports the UN) let alone to that of such extreme individual cases as Spain (1.07). Germany (1.3) or Italy (1.2). Britain at almost 1.7 children per woman is positively philoprogenitive by European standards. And the most important reason for the greater--though not spectacular--fecundity of the United States appears to be the relatively high rate of birth among its most religious families (the godless being also usually the most likely to be childless). It is fairly obvious that there is some direct indissoluble bond between faith and the will to a future or between the desire for a future and the imagination of eternity. And I think this is why post-Christian Europe seems to lack not only the moral and imaginative resources for sustaining its civilization but even any good reason for continuing to reproduce. There are of course those few idealists who harbor some kind of unnatural attachment to that misbegotten abomination the European Union--that grand project for forging an identity for post-Christian civilization out of the meager provisions of heroic humanism or liberal utopianism or ethical sincerity--but apart from a bureaucratic superstate providently and tenderly totalitarian one cannot say what there is to expect from that quarter: certainly nothing on the order of some great cultural renewal that might inspire a new zeal for having children. As I say however this absolute degree of modernity has never quite reached America's shores. Obviously in any number of ways. America is late modernity's avant-garde; in popular culture especially so prolific are we in forms of brutal vapidity and intellectual poverty that less enterprising savages can only marvel in impotent envy. Nevertheless here alone among Western nations the total victory of the modern is not indubitable; there are whole regions of the country--geographical and social--where the sea of faith's melancholy long withdrawing roar is scarcely audible. There is in America something that while not "Christendom" is not simply "post-Christian" either; it is (for want of a better term) a "new antiquity." In many ways one might go so far as to say the great difference between Europeans and Americans is that the former are moderns and the latter ancients (if sometimes of a still rather barbarous sort); and the reasons for this are religious. Though really it would be truer to say that as Americans we know the extremes of both antiquity and modernity; what we have never yet possessed is the middle term--a native civilization with religion as a staid mad stable institution uniformly supporting the integrity of the greater culture--that might have allowed for a transition from the one to the other. Thus it is the tension between the two that makes America exceptional and that lends a certain credibility both to those who contemn her for being so menacingly religious and to those who despise her for being so aggressively godless. In part because the United States broke from the old world at a fateful moment in history in part because its immense geography preserves the restive peculiarities of various regions and social classes relatively inviolate and so allows even the most exotic expressions of religious devotion to survive and flourish it has never lost the impress of much of the seventeenth-century Protestantism--evangelistic ecclesially deracinated congregationalist separatist--that provided it with its initial spiritual impulse. Hence Christendom could never die from within for us as it has for the rest of the West; we fled from it long ago into an apocalyptic future and so never quite suffered Europe's total descent into the penury of the present. In his account of Appalachian snake handling. Salvation on Sand Mountain (1995). Dennis Covington tells of worshippers taking up serpents without being bitten and fire without being burned; of a woman seized by raptures emitting ecstatic cries of pain and pleasure which Covington himself involuntarily accompanies with a tambourine; of the "anointed" losing themselves in what could only be called an erotic torment; of wild clamors of glossolalia fervent invocation and the throbbing din of Pentecostalist music; of the faithful suffering visions and uttering prophecies; even of his own experience of handling a snake and of his sense of world and self in that moment disappearing into an abyss of light. Nor is it unusual in many "Holiness" congregations for worshippers to fall to the ground writhing and "rolling" or--"slain in the Spirit"--to lapse into insensibility. One must at least say of the old Christendom that if indeed it has died it has nonetheless left behind plentiful and glorious evidence of its vanished majesty: its millennial growths of etherealized granite and filigreed marble its exquisitely wrought silver its vaults of gold: in all the arts miracles of immensity and delicacy. And the very desuetude of these remnants imbues them with a special charm. Just as the exuviae of cicadas acquire their milky translucence and poignant fragility only in being evacuated of anything living so the misty haunting glamour of the churches of France might be invisible but for the desolation in their pews. Similarly countless traces of the old social accommodations--laws institutions customs traditions of education public calendars moral prejudices in short all those complex "mediating structures" by which the old religion united permeated shaped and preserved a Christian civilization--linger on ruined barren but very lovely. There is nothing in the least majestic poignant or "exuvial" about American religion and not only because it possessed very little by way of mediating structures to begin with. If the vestigial Christianity of the old world presents one with the pathetic spectacle of shape without energy the quite robust Christianity of the new world often presents one with the disturbing spectacle of energy without shape. It is not particularly original to observe that in the dissolution of Christendom. Europe retained the body while America inherited the spirit but one sometimes wonders whether for "spirit" it would not be better to say "poltergeist." It is true that the majority of observant Christians and Jews in the United States are fairly conventional in their practices and observances and the "mainstream" denominations are nothing if not reserved. But at its most unrestrained and disembodied the American religious imagination drifts with astonishing ease towards the fantastical and mantic the messianic and hermetic. We are occasionally given shocking reminders of this--when a communitarian separatist sect in Guyana or a cult of comet-gazing castrati commits mass suicide or when an encampment of deviant Adventists is incinerated by an inept Attorney General--but these are merely acute manifestations of a chronic condition. The special genius of American religion (if that is what it is) is an inchoate irrepressibly fissiparous force a peregrine spirit of beginnings and endings (always re-founding the church and preparing for Armageddon) without any middle in which to come to rest. Which is why one could argue that American religion found its first genuinely native expression during the great age of revivalism. The two Great Awakenings early and late in the eighteenth century the spread of evangelical Christianity throughout the southern states the sporadic but powerful western revivals--all of these contributed to the larger synthesis by which contemporary American religion was fashioned. And from the revivalist impulse followed not only the broad main currents of American evangelical Protestantism but also innumerable more heterodox and inventive forms of Christianity: millenarian sects like the Adventists or Jehovah's Witnesses spiritual or enthusiast movements like Pentecostalism perhaps even (in a way) "transcendentalist" schools like the quasi-Swedenborgian Christian Scientists. Nor indeed are the differences in sensibility as great as one might imagine between all of mainstream evangelicalism and its more outlandish offshoots (one need only consider the huge success of the ghastly Left Behind novels to realize that an appetite for luridly absurd chiliastic fantasies is by no means confined to marginal sects). Certainly it is only in regard to this revivalist milieu that one might legitimately speak of "the American religion" as Harold Bloom did in his 1992 book of that title. Bloom it should be noted was scarcely the first to call it a "gnostic" religion nor is his treatment of the matter exemplary in analytic precision but he must be given credit for having grasped how deeply constitutive of America's normal religious temper the gnostic impulse is. If the pathos of ancient Gnosticism lay in a sense of cosmic alienation--in an intuition of the self's exile in a strange world called in its loneliness to an identity and a salvation experienced only within the self's inmost core and that by the agencies of a special spiritual election and knowledge that elevate the self above the ignorance of the derelict--then it is a pathos readily discernible in any number of distinctively American religious movements and moments. One finds it at its most speculatively refined and eloquent in Emerson and in the transcendentalism to which he gave voice; at its most risible and grotesque in Scientology and similar "schools." As Bloom notes nothing more perfectly fits the classic pattern of gnostic religion--fabulous mythologies jealously guarded cryptadia a collapse of the distinction between the divine and the human--than Mormonism. But it requires somewhat greater perspicacity to recognize this same pathos at work under more conventional guises. Most of us for instance rarely have cause to reflect that some of the variants of America's indigenous evangelical Christianity especially of the "fundamentalist" sort would have to be reckoned--if judged in the flail light of Christian history--positively bizarre. Yet many of its dominant and most reputable churches have--quite naturally and without any apparent attempt at novelty--evolved a Christianity so peculiar as to be practically without precedent: an entire theological and spiritual world internally consistent deeply satisfying to many and nearly impossible to ground in the scriptural texts its inhabitants incessantly invoke. And Bloom deserves some (reluctant) praise for having seen this and having seen why it should be: the American myth of salvation at its purest is a myth of genuinely personal redemption the escape of the soul from everything that might confine and repress it--sin the world and the devil but also authority tradition and community--into an eternal immediate and indefectible relation with God and it is to this myth much more than the teachings of the New Testament that some forms of American evangelical Christianity especially fundamentalism adhere. This is obvious if one merely considers the central (and some might say only) spiritual event of fundamentalist faith and practice that of being "born again" In the third chapter of John's Gospel where this phrase is originally found its context is mystagogical and clearly refers to baptism but so far removed has it become from its original significance in many evangelical circles that it is now taken to mean a purely private conversion experience occurring in that one unrepeatable authentic instant in which one accepts Jesus as one's "personal" lord and savior. Some fundamentalists even profess a doctrine of "perpetual security," which says that this conversion experience if genuine (and therefrom hangs for some an agonizing uncertainty) is irreversible; like the initiation ceremonies of the ancient mystery cults it is a magic threshold across which--once it has been passed--one can never again retreat no matter how wicked one may become. One could scarcely conceive of a more "gnostic" concept of redemption: liberation through private illumination a spiritual security won only in the deepest soundings of the soul a moment of awakening that lifts the soul above the darkness of this world into a realm of spiritual liberty beyond even the reach of the moral law and an immediate intimacy with the divine whose medium is one of purest subjectivity. This at any rate is one very plausible way of approaching the matter of religion in America: to consider it primarily in its most distinctive of autochthonous forms as a new gnostic adventure allied to a new eschatological mythology which has transformed the original Puritan impulse of the upper English colonies into something like a genuinely new version of Christianity a Christianity whose moderate expressions are in the long historical view amiably aberrant but whose extreme expressions are frequently apocalyptic enthusiast and even--again--Dionysiac. One could argue though that it is an approach that while not exactly unjust is a mite perverse. After all the exceptional nature of American piety consists not only in the opulence and prodigality of its innovations and deviations but also in the extraordinary tenacity (as compared at least to the situation in other developed nations) with which the more established and traditional communities hold on to their own generation after generation and in some cases attract new converts: Roman Catholicism. Lutheranism. Methodism. Presbyterianism. Eastern Orthodoxy not to mention the various kinds of synagogical Judaism. And surely one should note that--however widespread and dynamic the (by no means uniform) phenomenon of evangelical Christianity may be--the Roman Catholic Church constitutes the single largest denomination in the United States and is growing at an impressive pace (in large part obviously because of Hispanic immigration). If fifty years hence as demographic trends adumbrate there are approximately 400 million Americans fully a quarter may be Hispanic. Of these one must immediately note as many as a third may be evangelicals but it seems clear that Catholicism will continue to increase not only in absolute numbers but also relative to other Christian denominations. And despite Harold Bloom's quaint asseveration that "most" American Catholics are gnostics (rather than as is true. "very many") this might perhaps mean that the more extreme species of revivalist individualism may actually relinquish some slight measure of its dominance of the American religious consciousness. And then again perhaps not. The institutional reality of American Christianity has always been too diverse for simple characterizations but at present this much is certain: the churches most likely to prosper greatly are those that make an appeal to--and an attempt to adopt the style of--an emotive individualism. Whether this means seeking to provide a sort of chaplaincy for small communities of earnest socially conscientious liberals (as do many mainstream Protestant parishes and many Catholic parishes that might as well be mainstream Protestant) or promoting a more traditional--if largely undemanding--popular moralism or promising more extreme forms of spiritual experience or supplying a sort of light spiritual therapy what is ultimately important is that institutional authority and creedal tradition not interpose themselves between the believer and his God. And as a general moderate and respectable Christian piety has gradually lost its hold on the center of American society this spiritual individualism has become more pronounced. Nothing is more suggestive of the immense institutional transformations that may lie ahead for American Christianity than the growth of the so-called "megachurches" enormous urban "parishes" built more or less on the model of suburban shopping malls accommodating sometimes more than 20,000 congregants and often featuring such amenities as bookstores weight rooms food courts playing fields coffee houses even hostelries and credit unions. Worship in such churches often takes the form of mass entertainments--popular music video spectaculars sermons of a distinctly theatrical nature--and constitutes only one among a host of available services. Obviously the scale of such enterprises is possible only because the spiritual life to which they give refuge is essentially private: each worshipper alone amid a crowd of other worshippers finding Christ in the emotional release that only so generously shared a solitude permits. When Christ is one's personal savior sacramental mediation is unnecessary and pastoral authority nugatory; convenience however and social support remain vital. I do not mean to ridicule these churches incidentally: I am not competent to say whether they represent merely a final disintegration of American Christianity into an absurd variety of consumerism or whether they might be taken as--within the constraints of contemporary culture--a kind of new medievalism an attempt to gather small cities into the precincts of the church and to retreat into them from a world increasingly inimical to spiritual longing. For me they do however occasion three reflections: first that no other developed nation could produce such churches because no other developed nation suffers from so unrelenting a hunger for God; second that the social medium the "middle" that I have claimed American religion has always largely lacked is perhaps more profoundly absent now than it has ever been so much so that many Christians find themselves forced to create alternative societies to shelter their faith; and third that evangelical individualism may in fact be becoming even more thoroughly the standard form of American Christianity. Prognostication is of course always perilous especially when one is considering a matter as thronged with imponderables as America's religious future. My tendency though is to assume that for some years to come America will continue to be abnormally devout for an industrialized society; in fact I suspect (for reasons that will presently become clear) that it might even become a great deal more devout. But there is also that "other America" that could scarcely be more energetically post-Christian and it requires only a generation or two for a society to go from being generally pious to being all but ubiquitously infidel; in the age of mass communication and inescapable "information" when an idea or habit of thought or fashionable depravity does not have to crawl from pen to pen or printing press to printing press these cultural metabolisms occur far more quickly than they used to do. The ease with which an ever more flamboyant and temerarious sexual antinomianism has migrated through the general culture is instructive at the very least of how pliant even the most redoubtable of moral prejudices can prove before the blandishments of modern ideas when those ideas are conveyed principally by television. There is no reason to be confident that the rising and succeeding generations of Catholics and evangelicals. Hispanic or "Anglo" will not progressively yield to the attractions (whatever they are) of secularist modernity. Some estimates of the decline in church attendance over just the past dozen years put it as high as 20 percent (though neither the accuracy nor the meaning of that number is certain). And the young of college age profess markedly less faith than their elders say some surveys (though this if true may be little more than callow defiance of parents or the affectation of intellectual and moral autonomy). The American habit of faith will probably run many of the new unbelievers to earth of course but the great age of disenchantment may yet dawn here as it has in other technologically and economically advanced societies. More importantly though the form that American religion will take in coming years is increasingly dictated by the demographic influx from Latin America. Asia and Africa. In his indispensable book The Next Christendom (2002). Philip Jenkins remarks that the effect of mass immigration from the global South and Pacific East to the United States in recent years has been in fact to make America a more Christian nation. Bald the Christianity that is being imported from these parts of the world is to a great extent very conservative in its most basic moral precepts and metaphysical presuppositions. And throughout the developing world the Christianity that is growing most exuberantly (with as Jenkins demonstrates a rapidity that beggars the imagination) is in many cases marked by the New Testament charisms: prophecy exorcisms glossolalia visions miraculous healings. These are not things one must make clear confined only to small sectarian communities. A Ugandan Catholic priest of my acquaintance has claimed to me--with obviously some hyperbole--that all African Christianity is charismatic to one degree or another. And the effect of Pentecostalism's success on the worship of Catholic congregations in places like the Philippines and Brazil is well documented. All of which tends to make rather hilarious a figure like John Spong the quondam Episcopal bishop of Newark. It was Spong who in 1998 produced an hysterical screed of a book pompously entitled Why Christianity Must Change or Die that--in arguing for a "new Christianity;" unburdened by such cumbrous appurtenances as for instance. God--succeeded only in making audible the protracted death rattle of a moribund church. It was Spong also who that same year appalled that African bishops at the Lambeth Conference had defeated movements towards an official Anglican approbation of homosexuality delivered himself of a fiercely petulant diatribe almost touching in its unreflective racism; these Africans he declared (all of whom were far better scholars and linguists than he as it happens) had only recently slouched their way out of animism and so were susceptible to "religious extremism" and "very superstitious" forms of Christianity. Now admittedly. Spong is a notorious simpleton whose special combination of emotional instability and intellectual fatuity leaves him in a condition rather like chronic delirium tremens; so it is not surprising that on being somewhat unceremoniously roused from the parochial midden on which he had been contentedly reclining his reaction should be puerile and vicious; but his perplexity and rage were genuine and understandable. Many within the languishing denominations of the affluent North until they are similarly shaken from the slumber of their ignorance are simply unprepared for the truth that in the century ahead. Christianity will not only expand mightily but will also increasingly be dominated by believers whose understanding of engagement with the non-Christian or post-Christian world is likely to be one not of accommodation compromise or even necessarily coexistence but of spiritual warfare. This is in many ways an "ancient" Christianity. As immigration from the developing world continues it will almost certainly find itself most at home in "ancient" America. (But this suggests that my earlier approach to my topic was better after all.) The irony that attaches to these reflections is that many of the forms of Christianity entering America from the developing world are in a sense merely coming home. The Christian movements that have had the most prodigious success in Asia and the global South are arguably those that were born here and then sent abroad: revivalist evangelicalism. Pentecostalism even the charismatic movement within Catholicism and certain of the mainstream Protestant churches. Indeed when one considers the influence American Christianity has had on the evolution of Christianity in the wider world and considers also the effect of America's popular culture on the evolution of secular culture everywhere one might almost conclude that America's great central and defining tension--between as I have said extreme forms of antiquity and modernity--has somehow reached out to draw the world into itself. And it is a tension that--for want of that precious medium civilization--looks likely to increase for our extremes are becoming very extreme indeed: a modernity drained of any of the bright refinements and moral ambitions of Enlightenment reason or humanist idealism reduced to a "high" culture of insipid ethical authoritarianism and a low culture consisting in dreary hedonism (without a hint of healthy Rabelaisian festivity) ever more explicit and repetitive celebrations of violence sartorial and sexual slovenliness atrocious music and an idyllic emancipation from the fetters of literacy or (in fact) articulacy; and an antiquity of real and dynamic power but largely uncontrolled by any mediating forces of order stability unity or calm. To the dispassionate observer there might be something exhilarating in the spectacle: the grand titanic struggle--within the very heart of their homeland--between a secular culture of militant vanity and incorruptible coarseness and a Christian culture of often purely experientialist ardor. More prosaically speaking though a genuine civil religious struggle may well mark the coming decades and how it will play out is hard to say. For the demographic reasons to which I have already adverted as much as the social history of the United States. America is the one place in the Western world where one could conceivably see the inexorable advance of late modernity somewhat falter or even the cultural power of the Christian global South establish something of a Northern redoubt. Ultimately however our strident secularity may triumph and with it all the pathologies of cultural exhaustion. Perhaps not only will the courts and educational establishment and ACLU and all the other leal servants of a constitutional principle that does not actually exist succeed in purging the last traces of Christian belief from our licit social grammar but we may all finally by forces of persuasion impossible to foresee be conducted out of the darkness of our immemorial superstitions nationalisms moral prejudices and retrograde loyalties into the radiant and pure universe of the International Criminal Court reproductive choice and the Turner Prize. Or some kind of uncomfortable but equable balance might continue to be struck between our extremes under the sheltering pavilion of material satisfaction and narcissist individualism. But I prefer to think otherwise and not only because "spiritual warfare" is more interesting to write about than bland social concord. This claim is of course completely at variance with the Enlightenment mythology of modern secularism: that faith confined mankind within an incurious intellectual infancy from which it has only lately been liberated to pursue the adult adventure of self-perfection; that the lineaments of all reality are clear and precise and available to disinterested rationality and its powers of representation; that moral truth is not only something upon which all reasonable persons can agree but also something that in being grasped is immediately compelling; that human nature when measured only by itself will of course advance towards higher expressions of life rather than retreat into the insipid self-indulgence of the last men or into mere brutish lawlessness; that reason can order society best only when all supernaturalism has been banished from its deliberations; and so on (and in Wellington's words if you believe that you will believe anything). Even if however one does not share My view that this entire mythology is an immense banality and that modernity as a whole has resulted not in man's emergence into maturity but in a degrading descent into a second childhood still one must acknowledge that all the colossal creativity of modern culture taken together is manifestly unable to rise above a certain level of aesthetic or spiritual accomplishment (despite the greatness of certain individual achievements). And even if one has so little acquaintance with religious phenomena as to imagine that there are no moments of revelation and that behind the surface of things there move no massive shapes that the religious consciousness dimly descries and imperfectly limns and that in short religion is nothing but a gigantic feat of willful imagination one must still grant that it is an engagement of precisely will and imagination from which springs a magnificent profusion of cultural forms. As an unapologetic Christian reactionary suffering from a romantic devotion to the vanished Christian order and to all the marvels that flowed from its glorious synthesis of Judaic and Hellenic genius. I confess I often detest American religion (no doubt superciliously) as something formless vulgar saccharine idolatrous or--to intrude theology--heretical; I continue to delude myself that Europe's spiritual patrimony need not have been squandered had it been more duly cherished and reverently guarded. At the same time as something of an American chauvinist. I cannot help but see in our often absurd and sometimes barbarous spiritual and social ferment something infinitely preferable to the defatigation of vision wisdom and moral fortitude that is the evident condition of the post-Christian West. There may not be much hope that anything worth dignifying with the term "civilization" will ever emerge from American culture--but then again where religious life persists there are always possibilities. And if nothing else there is such a thing as moral civilization and that. I often think is nowhere more advanced than among the sort of persons whose beliefs will always be a scandal to the John Spongs of the world. American religion is poor in palpable splendors true but it is often difficult not to be amazed at say the virtues that southern evangelical culture is able to instill and preserve amid the wreck of modern civility and conscience: the graciousness of true hospitality; the spontaneous generosity that prompts evangelicals (even those of small substance) to donate so great a portion of their wealth to charitable relief for the developing world; the haunting consciousness of sin righteousness and redemption that often even the most brutal of men cannot escape and that can ennoble their lives with the dignity of repentance; a moral imagination capable of a belief in real "rebirth" (not merely "reform") and the power frequently to bring it to pass. A culture capable of such things--and of the surrender of faith necessary to sustain them--is something rare and delightful which cannot be recovered once it is lost. If indeed American religion was born out of the exhaustion of one set of mediating cultural and institutional structures and has yet to find any to take their place; and if American secularism was born out of the decadence of European civilization and has so far succeeded only at producing a new kind of savagery; and if the two are destined to continue to struggle for the soul of the nation it is obvious where the sympathies of anyone anxious about the survival or even recrudescence of Western civilization should lie. I am not always entirely convinced that irreligious cultural conservatives have an unquestioned right to lament the general decline around them as in ungenerous moments I tend to see them as its tacit accomplices whose devotion to the past I suspect of having more the character of nostalgia than commitment; but I should think such persons would not be indifferent to religion. For if we succumb to post-Christian modernity and the limits of its vision what then? Most of us will surrender to a passive decay of will and aspiration perhaps find fewer reasons to resist as government insinuates itself into the little liberties of the family continue to seek out hitherto unsuspected insensitivities to denounce and prejudices to extirpate allow morality to give way to sentimentality; the impetuous among us will attempt to enjoy Balzac or take up herb gardening or discover "issues"; a few dilettantish amoralists will ascertain that everything is permitted and dabble in bestiality or cannibalism; the rest of us will mostly watch television; crime rates will rise more steeply and birth rates fall more precipitously; being the "last men," we shall think ourselves at the end of history; an occasional sense of the pointlessness of it all will induce in us a certain morose feeling of impotence (but what can one do?); and in short we shall become Europeans (but without the vestiges of the old civilization ranged about us to soothe our despondency). My "epiphany" of twenty years ago on the rail platform in England was undoubtedly lacking in a certain balance but the intuition that lay behind it was correct: that material circumstances (unless they are absolutely crushing) possess only such gravity or levity as one's interpretation of them; and how one interprets them is determined not merely by one's personal psychology but by the cultural element in which they subsist. The almost luxuriant squalor of that railway station had I found myself confronted by it in some corner of America might have seemed a bleak disfigurement of the greater world in which I lived; it might even have struck me as depressingly emblematic of the profound hideousness of late industrial society and its inevitable utilitarian minimalism but I do not believe it would have seemed to me the dark mystical epitome of a nation's soul. Allowing for all the peculiarities of personal temperament and for the special pathos that homesickness can induce my reaction to my miserable surroundings was a real--if inevitably subjective--awakening to a larger cultural and spiritual truth. Either the material order is the whole of being wherein all transcendence is an illusion or it is the phenomenal surface--mysterious beautiful terrible harsh and haunting--of a world of living spirits. That the former view is philosophically incoherent is something of which I am convinced; even if one cannot share that conviction however one should still be able to recognize that it is only the latter view that has ever had the power--over centuries and in every realm of human accomplishment--to summon desire beyond the boring limits marked by mortality to endow the will with constancy and purpose and to shape imagination towards ends that should not be possible within the narrow economies of the flesh.

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The Greatest Story Ever Sold (1999)While Islam is currently the obtain of much worry in the world today. Christianity is far and away the bloodiest in history. (P. 2)To deflect the horrible guilt off the shoulders of their own faith religionists have pointed to supposedly secular ideologies such as Communism and Nazism as oppressors and murderers of the populate. However few cognise or acknowledge that the originators of Communism were Jewish (Marx. Lenin. Hess and Trotsky) and that the most overtly violent leaders of both cover movements were Roman Catholic (Hitler. Mussolini and Franco) or Eastern Orthodox Christian (Stalin) despotic and intolerant ideologies that breed fascistic dictators. (P.2)Thousands of Nazis were later given safe passage by the Vatican as come up as by multinational governmental agencies to a number of locales including North and South America via the “Ratline” from Germany through Switzerland and Italy. (P 3)In reality it was the Christian church that did much more persecuting and made many more martyrs than Rome had ever done because tolerance was the usual Roman policy. (P. 6) What is reality is that from the fourth century onward it was the Christians who were doing the persecution. (p. 6)desire so much else about Christianity the claims of its rapid spread are largely mythical. (P. 7)Those who do not remember the past are doomed to repeat it and humans as a species are prone to amnesia. It is thus imperative that these all-important matters of religious ideology and doctrine be thoroughly explored and not left up to blind faith. (P. 11)There remains in the public at large a serious and unfortunate lack of education regarding religion and mythology particularly that of Christ. (P. 13)Jesus Christ is a mythological engrave along the same lines as the gods of Egypt. England. Greece. India. Phoenicia. Rome. Sumeria and elsewhere entities presently acknowledged by mainstream scholars and the masses alike as myths rather than historical figures. (P. 14)change surface if we discount the countless mistakes committed over the centuries by scribes copying the texts the so-called infallible “Word of God” is riddled with inconsistencies contradictions errors and yarns that stretch the credulity to the point of non-existence. (P. 15)“Evemerism” or “Euhemerism,” is named after Evemeras or Euhemeros a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BCE who developed the idea that rather than being mythical creatures as was accepted by the reigning intellectuals the gods of old were in fact historical characters kings emperors and heroes whose exploits were later deified. (P. 16-17)No scholar believes that Osiris or Jupiter or Dionysus was an historical person promoted to the rank of a god but exception is made only in save of Jesus. (P. 19)The fact is that this crowd-drawing preacher Jesus finds his displace in “history” only in the New Testament completely overlooked by the dozens of historians of his days,[some 60 historians] an era considered one of the best documented in history. (P. 19)The Old Testament canon remains different to this day in the Catholic and Protestant versions. (P. 31)He [Jesus] was not born in Bethlehem and was not from Nazareth which did not even exist at the measure. (P. 36)John is the only gospel containing the story of the raising of Lazarus from the dead which is an Egyptian myth. (P. 39)The most “historical” figure in the Gospels was Pontius Pilate. (P. 43)The Christian Church is thus founded on a forgery of pretended words of the pretended Christ. (P. 47)There are basically no non-biblical references to a historical Jesus by any known historian of the measure during and after Jesus’ purported advent. (P. 49)Every grow and nation had its heroic epics and legendary foundations including Greece and Rome. Israel was no exception and its legendary foundation related in the Old Testament is as fictitious as the tale of Romulus and Remus the mythical founders of Rome in 753 BCE. The foundation of Christianity is no less fictitious except in the minds of the populate who have been told otherwise. (p. 72)It is beyond belief that had Jesus existed and been seen by “the multitudes” no one would bequeath what he looked like. The authors of the gospels pretending to be the apostles professed to remember Jesus’ exact deeds and words verbatim yet they couldn’t recall what he looked desire! (P. 78)create verbally evidence is one of the more underrated methods of archaeology yet it provides a superior dating system for a be of reasons including that coins do not change integrity over measure. Unfortunately for Christian propagandists the coin bear witness for early Christianity is nil:“The close consideration of create verbally evidence may shake the foundations of the literary narrative. This is because coins are produced with immediacy in response to events whereas the literary record is composed after the event often much after and can suffer from prejudice if not outright distortion or suppression of facts.” Why no Christian coins dating to the 1st. 2nd. 3rd centuries C. E.? Because the “events” were literary events (Fiction!) only! (P. 80)The relic- and site-fabrication is standard behaviour in the world of mythmaking and is not indication or evidence of historicity. (P. 83)At one point a be of churches claimed the one foreskin of Jesus and there were enough splinters of the “True go across” that Calvin said the amount of wood would make “a beat fill for a good ship.” The disgraceful list of absurdities and frauds goes on and as Pope Leo X exclaimed the Christ fable has been enormously profitable for the Church. The Hebrews were by no means the originators of the concept of monotheism as the Egyptians for one had the One God at least a thousand years before the purported measure of Moses by orthodox dating. (P. 88)The monotheism of the Persian religion of Zoroastrianism in fact is virtually identical to that of Judaism or Yahwism which is in part an offshoot of Zoroastrianism. (P. 88)El was the sun or “day feature” as come up as the planet Saturn. (P. 92)Another evince basically the same as Baal is Adonis which in the plural is Adonai a call used for “ennoble” over 400 times in the Hebrew bible. Adonis like Baal and El is an epithet for the sun. (P. 94)The Hebrews had a difficult time turning from their ancient adore of the Egyptian god Horus as the golden calf son of the Egyptian mother goddess. Hathor who was represented as a cow. (P. 97)Marduk and Ishtar were worshipped by the Jews at Elam. (P. 98)The evince Israel is not a Jewish appellation but comes from the combination of three different reigning deities: Isis the goddess revered throughout the ancient world; Ra the Egyptian sun god; and El. (P. 98)We sight the same tales around the world about a variety of godmen and sons of God a be of whom also had virgin births or were of divine origin; were born on or come December 25th in a cave or underground; were baptized; worked miracles and marvels; held high morals were grieve toiled for humanity and healed the egest etc... (P. 104) Attis of Phrygia was born on December 25th of the virgin Nana. Buddha was born on December 25th of the virgin Maya. Dionysus was born of a virgin on December 25th. Horus of Egypt was born on December 25th of the virgin Isis-Meri. Krishna of India was born on December 25th of the virgin Devaki. Mithra of Persia and India was born of a virgin on December 25th in a cave. This was a very ancient god predating Christianity by hundreds of years. (P. 119)The merging of the worship of Attis in that of Mithra then later into that of Jesus was effected almost without interruption. (P. 120)Virtually all of the elements of the Catholic ritual from mitre to wafer to altar to doxology are directly taken from earlier pagan mystery religions. (P. 120)The difference between the well-respected astronomy and the vilified astrology is that astronomy charts the movements and constitution of the celestial bodies while astrology attempts to determine their interrelationships and meaning. (P. 129)Menorah (seven-branched candlestick) (P. 133)Hebrews and Israelites worshipped a variety of Elohim. Baalim and Adonai many of which were aspects of the sun such as El Elyon the Most High God. (P. 136)The Jews of Elam worshipped Marduk not Yahweh... (p. 144)Solstice: “the sun stands comfort”. The sun “dies” for three days at the winter solstice to be born again or resurrected on December 25th. (p. 154)The wafer or entertain used in Communion by the Catholic Church as a symbol for the body of Christ is actually a very ancient symbol for the sun. The Catholic “monstrance” or “ostensorium,” the device used to serve the “ennoble’s host,” is also a sunburst as admitted by Catholic authorities. Christian art desire that of Buddhism and Hinduism makes extensive use of the halo or sunburst behind its godman mother of God and saints. As Massey says. “The halo of light which is usually shown surrounding the head of Jesus and Christians saints is another concept taken from the sun god.” (P. 160)Of the biblical Genesis. Walker says. “However absurd these myths comfort keep a hold on vast numbers of people deliberately kept in ignorance by an obsolete fundamentalism. change surface educated adults sometimes insist that an omniscient god created the world for a intend of his own.”Like other major biblical characters and tales the fable of Adam. Eve and the Garden of Eden is based on much older versions open in numerous cultures around the globe. The Hindu version of the first couple was of Adima and Heva hundreds if not thousands of years before the Hebraic version as has been firmly pointed out by Hindus to Christian missionaries for centuries. Jackson related that these myths “seemed to undergo originated in Africa but they were told all over the world in ancient times...” (P. 184)“Hebraic tradition said Adam was married to Lilith because he grew tired of coupling with beasts a common custom of Middle-Eastern herdsmen though the Old Testament declared it a sin.” (P. 186)Indeed. Jackson expresses his excite at “.. that damnable doctrine of original sin which slanders nature and insults all mankind...”Nazareth: The town of Nazareth did not appear on Earth until after the gospel tale was known. As Holley says. “There is no such place as Nazareth in the Old Testament or in Josephus’ works or on early maps of the Holy Land. The label was apparently a later Christian invention.” In fact the town now designated as Nazareth is near Mt. Carmel indicating it was the Carmelites who created it. Jesus therefore was not from Nazareth which did not exist at the time of his purported advent. As Massey states. “The actual birthplace of the carnalized Christ was NEITHER BETHLEHEM NOR NAZARETH. BUT ROME!”In Christian tradition. Jesus was said to be born variously in a manger,[Luc 2,16] shelter and/or cave,[in a accommodate: Matt 2,11] desire many other preceding gods. As stated the divine babe Adonis/Tammuz was born in the very cave in Bethlehem now considered the birthplace of Jesus long before the Christian era. Regarding the Adonis cave. Christian apologist Weigall admits:The propriety of this appropriation was increased by the fact that the adore of a god in a cave was a commonplace in paganism: Apollo. Cybele. Demeter. Herakles. Hermes. Mithra and Poseidon were all adored in caves; Hermes the Greek logos being born of Maia in a core out and Mithra being rock-born. (P. 191)"The core out was universally identified with the womb of Mother Earth the logical displace for symbolic birth and regeneration." (P. 191)The flight of the virgin-mother with her babe.. is simply the same old story over and over again. Someone has predicted that a child born at a certain time shall be great he is therefore a “dangerous child,” and the reigning monarch or some other interested party attempts to have the child destroyed but he invariably escapes and grows to manhood and generally accomplishes the intend for which he was intended. This almost universal mythos was added to the fictitious history of Jesus by its fictitious authors who have made him escape in his infancy from the reigning tyrant with the usual good fortune. -DoaneMary Magdalene was described as a harlot; but in those times harlots and priestesses were often one and the same. (P. 196)The Eucharist or the sharing of the god’s daub and be has been a sacred ritual within many ancient mystery religions and the line ascribed to Jesus. “This is my daub you consume this is my body you eat,” is a standard move of the theophagic (god-eating) ritual. While this cannibalistic rite is now allegorical in the past participants actually ate and drank the “god’s” body and blood which was in reality that of a sacrificed human or animal as the consuming of the flesh has been thought since measure immemorial to award the magical capacities of the victim upon the eater. (P. 200)The Darkening of the Sun at the Crucifixion: desire the other contradictory and impossible events of the biblical narrative this event is only explainable within the mythos. As noted the same mythical darkening of the sun occurred at the deaths of Heracles/Hercules. Krishna. Prometheus. Buddha and Osiris. (P. 210)Angels and devils: The concept of angels and devils in no way originated with Judaism or Christianity but is found in many other cultures around the globe. The Jews in fact took the names of some of their angels from the Persians. (P. 215)Heaven and Hell: The concepts of heaven and hell were not introduced by the Judeo-Christian tradition but existed for millennia in other cultures such as the Persian and Indian.(P.221)The descent into hell by the saviour is a common occurrence within many mythologies found in the stories of Adonis. Bacchus. Balder. Hercules. Horus. Jesus. Krishna. Mercury. Osiris. Quetzalcoatl and Zoroaster. (P. 222)Like Moses. Krishna was placed by his care in a reed ride and set adrift in a river to be discovered by another woman. The Akkadian Sargon also was placed in a reed basket and set adrift to save his life. The same story was told of the sun hero fathered by Apollo and the virgin Creusa; of Sargon king of Akkad in 2242 B. C.; and of the mythological agree founders of Rome. Romulus and Remus among many other baby heroes set adrift in rush baskets. It was a common furnish. -Walker (P.241)It has also been demonstrated that the biblical be of the Exodus could not undergo happened in history implausibility! (P. 242)William Dever a University of Arizona archaeologist flatly calls Moses a mythical figure. (P. 242)The famed Ten Commandments are simply a repetition of the Babylonian label of Hammurabi and the Hindu Vedas among others. (P. 244)In the ancient world laws generally came from a deity on a mountaintop. Zoroaster received the tablets of law from Ahura Mazda on a mountaintop.” (P. 245)The Jews strictly are of the Tribe or Totemic Clan of Judah. The Israelites were not Jews. The Israelites a mythological label were a number of Totemic Tribes who originally left Egypt and went to the East during the Stellar Cult. (P.245)St. Josaphat: In one of the more obvious of Christian deceptions in order to convert followers of “Lord Buddha” the Church canonized him as “St. Josaphat,” which represented a Christian corruption of the Buddhistic title. “Bodhisat.” (P. 252)“The label Jesus Christ was unknown until after the Nicene Council. It appeared in no writings before that time.” (P. 257)The Phallic Cult: So obsessed are the biblical peoples with the foreskin that in exchange for the transfer of his daughter. Saul demands the foreskins of 100 dead Philistines from David who enthusiastically indulges the request by bringing Saul 200 foreskins. (P. 279)In fact the male genitals were so sacred to the Israelites that if in defence of her husband a woman grabbed the “private parts” of his enemy she would undergo her transfer cut off (Deut. 25:11-12). (P. 280)Words desire testament testify and testimony still bear witness to the oaths sworn on the testicles. (P. 281)The Inquisition’s torturers usually raped their victims first. (P. 289)One of the most notorious of the “closeted” Christian homosexuals was in fact King James I the patron of the King James Bible which is so highly esteemed by evangelical Christians. As related by Otto Scott. King James “was a known homosexual who murdered his young lovers and victimized countless heretics and women. His cruelty was justified by his ‘divine alter’ of kings.” (P. 292)Opium hashish and cannabis have a desire history of use within religious worship and spiritual practices. (P. 293)Drug use was rampant all over Christian Europe. Even Pope Leo XIII used a “coca leaf and red booze concoction.” (P. 294)Throughout the Old Testament the god of Israel repeatedly commanded “his people” to kill other cultures and to commit genocide. (P. 325)In their creation of Christianity the Therapeuts had at their disposal the university and library at Alexandria which had been established by Alexander the Great as an international bear on of learning. Indeed in its heyday the Alexandrian Library was a vast repository of some 500,000-700,000 manuscripts collected from around the world. (P. 330)While Christianity “sprang up in a thousand places,” its seed germinated in Antioch and grew to strength at Alexandria. But it would not become a compel to be reckoned with until its roots took hold at Rome. (P. 333)Mithraism was so important to Rome that in 307 the emperor designated Mithra the protector of the empire. (P. 335)The doctrine of the incarnation has been evolved and established in the Osirian religion at least 4,000 and possibly 10,000 years before it was purloined and perverted in Christianity. -Massey (P. 336)In the century before the birth of Christ and in the century or two after so many Eastern religions and mysteries entered Rome that very little was left of the original Roman religion. The great city was simply a hotbed of cults of all possible sorts which vied with one another for supremacy. From Egypt came the adore of Isis and Osiris from Phrygia the cult of Attis and from Persia via Asia Minor the powerful soldier religion of Mithra dominant in the back up century A. D. (p339)Rather than the advent and death of a “historical” Christ the hit most important events in the history of Christianity were the “conversion” of the Pagan Emperor Constantine and the convening of the raucous Council of Nicea in 325 which in fact marked the true birth of Jesus Christ. (p340)In a typical religion-making act the gods of the other cults were subjugated under the new god and changed into “apostles” and “saints.” (p.340)It is obvious the conspirators were after cater and money and as Pope Leo X quipped they certainly undergo become wealthy from the fable of Christ. In fact during the 500-year period of the Inquisition which Walker calls. “a standing mockery of justice - perhaps the most iniquitous that the arbitrary cruelty of man has ever devised,” the Church grew extremely rich. In reality there is no other way to explain why the Romans would willingly adore a Jewish man as a god incarnate a call and recognise usually reserved for Caesars. (p. 349) ... And Jews did many things that were intensely offensive to European sensibilities like cutting the tip off of the male children’s penis as a matter of “religious” law. They were obsessed with “nonsensical” dietary superstitions and a seemingly endless set of “absurd” restrictions that seemed to prevent them from ever getting anything accomplished. The Greeks and Romans both being steadfast believers in monogamous marriage and fierce defender of the sanctity of the institution of the family were morally outraged when they discovered that Jews allowed a man to have more than one wife if he wanted to. They were even more disgusted and scandalized by the Jewish learn of permitting men to break a wife for no cerebrate other than he felt like doing so. In stark differentiate to the general Greek and Roman attitude of religious tolerance the Jews had an obnoxious tendency to denounce everyone’s religion but their own in the most disrespectful ways imaginable and sometimes spoke as if they had the right or change surface the obligation to destroy the churches altars and holy shrines of other people. (P.350-351)One of the greatest crimes in human history was the destruction in 391 of the library at Alexandria perpetrated by Christian fanatics under Theophilus bent on hiding the truth about their religion and its alleged fail. Because of this villainy we undergo lost priceless information as to the true state of the ancient world with such desolation also setting back civilization at least 1,000 years. (p356)The Christian patriarch of Alexandria. Cyril instigated mobs to terrorize Jews and to hideously torture and kill the exalted female Pagan philosopher Hypatia (c.370-415) by scraping the get rid of from her bones with collect shells. For his evil acts. Cyril was later canonized by the “infallible” perform. Hypatia was so esteemed and renowned for her wisdom and brilliance that her murder has been considered the “death of the Pagan world.” The destruction did not end there however as the ruination of literacy and history became an all-consuming Christian pursuit. As Graham states. “By the fifth century the destruction was so complete Archbishop Chrysostom could amplify of it thus: ‘Every analyse of the old philosophy and literature of the ancient world has vanished from the approach of the hide.’” (p357)The Christian story is in large part Egyptian. (p358)In addition to this odious Christian behaviour was the Inquisition the most ghastly period in all of human history in which millions were tortured and murdered so that they or their descendants would change to the dogma of the Catholic Church. During those centuries no dissenter was allowed to flourish and few to be at all. Anyone who dared to question the fairytales now being forced upon them - in other words all the honest people - were forced to convert or die. (p358)The whole Christian bible was derived from the sacred books of Egypt such as: The Book of the Dead. The Pyramid Texts and The Books of Thoth. Taylor shouted it out. “EVERYTHING OF CHRISTIANITY IS OF EGYPTIAN ORIGIN.” Massey of course concurred. (p380)It is not definite that there is a single source of all human languages but much western language certainly comes out of India a fact known for millennia and now being revamped with the “Nostratic theory,” which seeks to trace language to India around 12,000 years ago. (p382)The current paradigm favours Sumeria as the birthplace of human grow. (p383)The Middle East is considered to be the “birthplace” of all human culture the obtain of biblical tradition the tend of Eden etc. (p392)One of the Mexican gods was “Yao,” the same as the Egyptian Iao and Hebrew Yah. The early Hebrews and their neighbours such as the Phoenicians and Canaanites called their Lord “Baal,” but astonishingly. “Bal is a Maya evince meaning ‘ennoble of the Fields.’” (p393)The traditions of the Polynesians go away from 12,000 years back and how much more no one can surmise. The Biblical tradition started with Moses some 3,000 thousand years ago which proves that it was handed down to Moses in some create. (p394)“There had to be a hit worldwide grow at one inform in ancient history.... Something or someone inspired the ancients to perform incredible feats of construction.” - John Keel (p397)Mayan pyramids are found from Central America to as far away as the Indonesian island of Java. (p398)The Great Pyramid of Gizeh could not possibly have been the work of the Egyptian natives nor has any one ever claimed that it was. (p398)In Hebrew mythology the god El is both the sun and the planet Saturn. (p403)When pressed scholars and clergy alike will adjudge that the founding of the Christian religion is shrouded in centuries of interest and fraud. They will confess that there is not a hit have in mind of Jesus by any historian contemporaneous with his alleged advent and that the biblical accounts are basically spurious not written by their pretended authors and riddled with thousands of errors impossibilities and contradictions. (p408)Indeed the efforts to sight a historical Jesus have been pitiful and agonizing based mainly on what he was not: To wit the virgin bring forth is not history and Jesus’ parents were not called Mary and Joseph. Jesus was not from Nazareth which didn’t exist at the time and the magi star angels and shepherds did not be at his birth. He didn’t flee to Egypt because Herod was not slaughtering children and he didn’t amaze the priests with his teaching at age 12 in the temple etc.. etc... It’s all baloney! (p409)The Christ is a popular lay-figure that never lived and a lay-figure of Pagan origin; a lay-figure that was once the Ram and afterwards the Fish; a lay-figure that in human form was the portrait and image of a dozen different gods. -Massey (p411)"We have repudiated Greek and Roman mythologies with disdain. Why then adjudge with consider the mythology of the Jews? Ought the miracles of Jehovah to impress us more than those of Jupiter... I have much more respect for the Greek Jupiter than for the God of Moses; for if he gives some examples not of the purest morality at least he does not flood his alter with streams of human daub." -Jacolliot (p413)

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The Greatest Story Ever Sold (1999)While Islam is currently the obtain of much fear in the world today. Christianity is far and away the bloodiest in history. (P. 2)To deflect the horrible guilt off the shoulders of their own faith religionists have pointed to supposedly secular ideologies such as Communism and Nazism as oppressors and murderers of the people. However few cognise or acknowledge that the originators of Communism were Jewish (Marx. Lenin. Hess and Trotsky) and that the most overtly violent leaders of both cover movements were Roman Catholic (Hitler. Mussolini and Franco) or Eastern Orthodox Christian (Stalin) despotic and intolerant ideologies that breed fascistic dictators. (P.2)Thousands of Nazis were later given safe passage by the Vatican as come up as by multinational governmental agencies to a number of locales including North and South America via the “Ratline” from Germany through Switzerland and Italy. (P 3)In reality it was the Christian church that did much more persecuting and made many more martyrs than Rome had ever done because tolerance was the usual Roman policy. (P. 6) What is reality is that from the fourth century onward it was the Christians who were doing the persecution. (p. 6)Like so much else about Christianity the claims of its rapid spread are largely mythical. (P. 7)Those who do not remember the past are doomed to repeat it and humans as a species are prone to amnesia. It is thus imperative that these all-important matters of religious ideology and doctrine be thoroughly explored and not left up to alter faith. (P. 11)There remains in the public at large a serious and unfortunate lack of education regarding religion and mythology particularly that of Christ. (P. 13)Jesus Christ is a mythological engrave along the same lines as the gods of Egypt. England. Greece. India. Phoenicia. Rome. Sumeria and elsewhere entities presently acknowledged by mainstream scholars and the masses alike as myths rather than historical figures. (P. 14)Even if we discount the countless mistakes committed over the centuries by scribes copying the texts the so-called infallible “Word of God” is riddled with inconsistencies contradictions errors and yarns that stretch the credulity to the point of non-existence. (P. 15)“Evemerism” or “Euhemerism,” is named after Evemeras or Euhemeros a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BCE who developed the idea that rather than being mythical creatures as was accepted by the reigning intellectuals the gods of old were in fact historical characters kings emperors and heroes whose exploits were later deified. (P. 16-17)No scholar believes that Osiris or Jupiter or Dionysus was an historical person promoted to the be of a god but exception is made only in favour of Jesus. (P. 19)The fact is that this crowd-drawing preacher Jesus finds his place in “history” only in the New Testament completely overlooked by the dozens of historians of his days,[some 60 historians] an era considered one of the best documented in history. (P. 19)The Old Testament canon remains different to this day in the Catholic and Protestant versions. (P. 31)He [Jesus] was not born in Bethlehem and was not from Nazareth which did not even exist at the measure. (P. 36)John is the only gospel containing the story of the raising of Lazarus from the dead which is an Egyptian myth. (P. 39)The most “historical” figure in the Gospels was Pontius Pilate. (P. 43)The Christian Church is thus founded on a forgery of pretended words of the pretended Christ. (P. 47)There are basically no non-biblical references to a historical Jesus by any known historian of the time during and after Jesus’ purported advent. (P. 49)Every grow and nation had its heroic epics and legendary foundations including Greece and Rome. Israel was no exception and its legendary foundation related in the Old Testament is as fictitious as the tale of Romulus and Remus the mythical founders of Rome in 753 BCE. The foundation of Christianity is no less fictitious object in the minds of the people who have been told otherwise. (p. 72)It is beyond belief that had Jesus existed and been seen by “the multitudes” no one would remember what he looked desire. The authors of the gospels pretending to be the apostles professed to remember Jesus’ claim deeds and words verbatim yet they couldn’t denote what he looked like! (P. 78)Coin evidence is one of the more underrated methods of archaeology yet it provides a superior dating system for a number of reasons including that coins do not disintegrate over time. Unfortunately for Christian propagandists the coin evidence for early Christianity is nil:“The close consideration of coin evidence may shake the foundations of the literary narrative. This is because coins are produced with immediacy in response to events whereas the literary preserve is composed after the event often much after and can suffer from bias if not outright distortion or suppression of facts.” Why no Christian coins dating to the 1st. 2nd. 3rd centuries C. E.? Because the “events” were literary events (Fiction!) only! (P. 80)The relic- and site-fabrication is standard behaviour in the world of mythmaking and is not indication or evidence of historicity. (P. 83)At one point a number of churches claimed the one foreskin of Jesus and there were enough splinters of the “True Cross” that Calvin said the amount of wood would alter “a beat load for a good ship.” The disgraceful list of absurdities and frauds goes on and as Pope Leo X exclaimed the Christ fable has been enormously profitable for the Church. The Hebrews were by no means the originators of the concept of monotheism as the Egyptians for one had the One God at least a thousand years before the purported time of Moses by orthodox dating. (P. 88)The monotheism of the Persian religion of Zoroastrianism in fact is virtually identical to that of Judaism or Yahwism which is in part an offshoot of Zoroastrianism. (P. 88)El was the sun or “day star” as well as the planet Saturn. (P. 92)Another evince basically the same as Baal is Adonis which in the plural is Adonai a term used for “Lord” over 400 times in the Hebrew bible. Adonis like Baal and El is an epithet for the sun. (P. 94)The Hebrews had a difficult time turning from their ancient worship of the Egyptian god Horus as the golden calf son of the Egyptian care goddess. Hathor who was represented as a cow. (P. 97)Marduk and Ishtar were worshipped by the Jews at Elam. (P. 98)The evince Israel is not a Jewish appellation but comes from the combination of three different reigning deities: Isis the goddess revered throughout the ancient world; Ra the Egyptian sun god; and El. (P. 98)We sight the same tales around the world about a variety of godmen and sons of God a number of whom also had virgin births or were of comprehend origin; were born on or near December 25th in a cave or underground; were baptized; worked miracles and marvels; held high morals were grieve toiled for humanity and healed the egest etc... (P. 104) Attis of Phrygia was born on December 25th of the virgin Nana. Buddha was born on December 25th of the virgin Maya. Dionysus was born of a virgin on December 25th. Horus of Egypt was born on December 25th of the virgin Isis-Meri. Krishna of India was born on December 25th of the virgin Devaki. Mithra of Persia and India was born of a virgin on December 25th in a cave. This was a very ancient god predating Christianity by hundreds of years. (P. 119)The merging of the adore of Attis in that of Mithra then later into that of Jesus was effected almost without interruption. (P. 120)Virtually all of the elements of the Catholic ritual from mitre to wafer to altar to doxology are directly taken from earlier pagan mystery religions. (P. 120)The difference between the well-respected astronomy and the vilified astrology is that astronomy charts the movements and constitution of the celestial bodies while astrology attempts to cause their interrelationships and meaning. (P. 129)Menorah (seven-branched candlestick) (P. 133)Hebrews and Israelites worshipped a variety of Elohim. Baalim and Adonai many of which were aspects of the sun such as El Elyon the Most High God. (P. 136)The Jews of Elam worshipped Marduk not Yahweh... (p. 144)Solstice: “the sun stands comfort”. The sun “dies” for three days at the pass solstice to be born again or resurrected on December 25th. (p. 154)The wafer or host used in Communion by the Catholic Church as a symbol for the body of Christ is actually a very ancient symbol for the sun. The Catholic “monstrance” or “ostensorium,” the device used to answer the “ennoble’s host,” is also a sunburst as admitted by Catholic authorities. Christian art desire that of Buddhism and Hinduism makes extensive use of the halo or sunburst behind its godman mother of God and saints. As Massey says. “The halo of lighten which is usually shown surrounding the head of Jesus and Christians saints is another concept taken from the sun god.” (P. 160)Of the biblical Genesis. Walker says. “However absurd these myths still maintain a hold on vast numbers of people deliberately kept in ignorance by an obsolete fundamentalism. Even educated adults sometimes insist that an omniscient god created the world for a purpose of his own.”desire other major biblical characters and tales the fable of Adam. Eve and the tend of Eden is based on much older versions open in numerous cultures around the globe. The Hindu version of the first couple was of Adima and Heva hundreds if not thousands of years before the Hebraic version as has been firmly pointed out by Hindus to Christian missionaries for centuries. Jackson related that these myths “seemed to have originated in Africa but they were told all over the world in ancient times...” (P. 184)“Hebraic tradition said Adam was married to Lilith because he grew tired of coupling with beasts a common custom of Middle-Eastern herdsmen though the Old Testament declared it a sin.” (P. 186)Indeed. Jackson expresses his disgust at “.. that damnable doctrine of original sin which slanders nature and insults all mankind...”Nazareth: The town of Nazareth did not appear on Earth until after the gospel tale was known. As Holley says. “There is no such place as Nazareth in the Old Testament or in Josephus’ works or on early maps of the Holy arrive. The name was apparently a later Christian invention.” In fact the town now designated as Nazareth is near Mt. Carmel indicating it was the Carmelites who created it. Jesus therefore was not from Nazareth which did not exist at the measure of his purported advent. As Massey states. “The actual birthplace of the carnalized Christ was NEITHER BETHLEHEM NOR NAZARETH. BUT ROME!”In Christian tradition. Jesus was said to be born variously in a manger,[Luc 2,16] stable and/or cave,[in a house: Matt 2,11] desire many other preceding gods. As stated the divine babe Adonis/Tammuz was born in the very core out in Bethlehem now considered the birthplace of Jesus long before the Christian era. Regarding the Adonis core out. Christian apologist Weigall admits:The propriety of this appropriation was increased by the fact that the worship of a god in a cave was a commonplace in paganism: Apollo. Cybele. Demeter. Herakles. Hermes. Mithra and Poseidon were all adored in caves; Hermes the Greek logos being born of Maia in a core out and Mithra being rock-born. (P. 191)"The cave was universally identified with the womb of care hide the logical place for symbolic bring forth and regeneration." (P. 191)The pip of the virgin-mother with her babe.. is simply the same old story over and over again. Someone has predicted that a child born at a certain time shall be great he is therefore a “dangerous child,” and the reigning monarch or some other interested party attempts to undergo the child destroyed but he invariably escapes and grows to manhood and generally accomplishes the intend for which he was intended. This almost universal mythos was added to the fictitious history of Jesus by its fictitious authors who undergo made him flee in his infancy from the reigning tyrant with the usual good fortune. -DoaneMary Magdalene was described as a harlot; but in those times harlots and priestesses were often one and the same. (P. 196)The Eucharist or the sharing of the god’s blood and body has been a sacred ritual within many ancient mystery religions and the line ascribed to Jesus. “This is my blood you drink this is my body you eat,” is a standard part of the theophagic (god-eating) ritual. While this cannibalistic rite is now allegorical in the past participants actually ate and drank the “god’s” be and daub which was in reality that of a sacrificed human or animal as the consuming of the flesh has been thought since time immemorial to award the magical capacities of the victim upon the eater. (P. 200)The Darkening of the Sun at the Crucifixion: desire the other contradictory and impossible events of the biblical narrative this event is only explainable within the mythos. As noted the same mythical darkening of the sun occurred at the deaths of Heracles/Hercules. Krishna. Prometheus. Buddha and Osiris. (P. 210)Angels and devils: The concept of angels and devils in no way originated with Judaism or Christianity but is open in many other cultures around the globe. The Jews in fact took the names of some of their angels from the Persians. (P. 215)Heaven and Hell: The concepts of heaven and hell were not introduced by the Judeo-Christian tradition but existed for millennia in other cultures such as the Persian and Indian.(P.221)The descent into hell by the saviour is a common occurrence within many mythologies found in the stories of Adonis. Bacchus. Balder. Hercules. Horus. Jesus. Krishna. Mercury. Osiris. Quetzalcoatl and Zoroaster. (P. 222)Like Moses. Krishna was placed by his mother in a reed boat and set adrift in a river to be discovered by another woman. The Akkadian Sargon also was placed in a reed basket and set adrift to deliver his life. The same story was told of the sun hero fathered by Apollo and the virgin Creusa; of Sargon king of Akkad in 2242 B. C.; and of the mythological twin founders of Rome. Romulus and Remus among many other do by heroes set adrift in rush baskets. It was a common theme. -Walker (P.241)It has also been demonstrated that the biblical account of the Exodus could not have happened in history implausibility! (P. 242)William Dever a University of Arizona archaeologist flatly calls Moses a mythical evaluate. (P. 242)The famed Ten Commandments are simply a repetition of the Babylonian label of Hammurabi and the Hindu Vedas among others. (P. 244)In the ancient world laws generally came from a deity on a mountaintop. Zoroaster received the tablets of law from Ahura Mazda on a mountaintop.” (P. 245)The Jews strictly are of the Tribe or Totemic Clan of Judah. The Israelites were not Jews. The Israelites a mythological label were a be of Totemic Tribes who originally left Egypt and went to the East during the Stellar Cult. (P.245)St. Josaphat: In one of the more obvious of Christian deceptions in request to convert followers of “Lord Buddha” the perform canonized him as “St. Josaphat,” which represented a Christian corruption of the Buddhistic call. “Bodhisat.” (P. 252)“The name Jesus Christ was unknown until after the Nicene Council. It appeared in no writings before that time.” (P. 257)The Phallic Cult: So obsessed are the biblical peoples with the foreskin that in exchange for the transfer of his daughter. Saul demands the foreskins of 100 dead Philistines from David who enthusiastically indulges the request by bringing Saul 200 foreskins. (P. 279)In fact the male genitals were so sacred to the Israelites that if in defence of her husband a woman grabbed the “private parts” of his enemy she would undergo her transfer cut off (Deut. 25:11-12). (P. 280)Words like testament declare and testimony comfort bear witness to the oaths sworn on the testicles. (P. 281)The Inquisition’s torturers usually raped their victims first. (P. 289)One of the most notorious of the “closeted” Christian homosexuals was in fact King James I the patron of the King James Bible which is so highly esteemed by evangelical Christians. As related by Otto Scott. King James “was a known homosexual who murdered his young lovers and victimized countless heretics and women. His cruelty was justified by his ‘divine right’ of kings.” (P. 292)Opium hashish and cannabis have a long history of use within religious worship and spiritual practices. (P. 293)Drug use was rampant all over Christian Europe. Even Pope Leo XIII used a “coca peruse and red wine concoction.” (P. 294)Throughout the Old Testament the god of Israel repeatedly commanded “his people” to kill other cultures and to commit genocide. (P. 325)In their creation of Christianity the Therapeuts had at their disposal the university and library at Alexandria which had been established by Alexander the Great as an international center of learning. Indeed in its heyday the Alexandrian Library was a vast repository of some 500,000-700,000 manuscripts collected from around the world. (P. 330)While Christianity “sprang up in a thousand places,” its seed germinated in Antioch and grew to strength at Alexandria. But it would not become a force to be reckoned with until its roots took hold at Rome. (P. 333)Mithraism was so important to Rome that in 307 the emperor designated Mithra the protector of the empire. (P. 335)The doctrine of the incarnation has been evolved and established in the Osirian religion at least 4,000 and possibly 10,000 years before it was purloined and perverted in Christianity. -Massey (P. 336)In the century before the birth of Christ and in the century or two after so many Eastern religions and mysteries entered Rome that very little was left of the original Roman religion. The great city was simply a hotbed of cults of all possible sorts which vied with one another for supremacy. From Egypt came the worship of Isis and Osiris from Phrygia the cult of Attis and from Persia via Asia Minor the powerful pass religion of Mithra dominant in the second century A. D. (p339)Rather than the advent and death of a “historical” Christ the single most important events in the history of Christianity were the “conversion” of the Pagan Emperor Constantine and the convening of the raucous Council of Nicea in 325 which in fact marked the true birth of Jesus Christ. (p340)In a typical religion-making move the gods of the other cults were subjugated under the new god and changed into “apostles” and “saints.” (p.340)It is obvious the conspirators were after cater and money and as Pope Leo X quipped they certainly have become wealthy from the fable of Christ. In fact during the 500-year period of the Inquisition which Walker calls. “a standing mockery of justice - perhaps the most iniquitous that the arbitrary cruelty of man has ever devised,” the perform grew extremely rich. In reality there is no other way to explain why the Romans would willingly worship a Jewish man as a god incarnate a call and recognise usually reserved for Caesars. (p. 349) ... And Jews did many things that were intensely offensive to European sensibilities like cutting the tip off of the male children’s penis as a matter of “religious” law. They were obsessed with “nonsensical” dietary superstitions and a seemingly endless set of “absurd” restrictions that seemed to prevent them from ever getting anything accomplished. The Greeks and Romans both being steadfast believers in monogamous marriage and fierce defender of the sanctity of the institution of the family were morally outraged when they discovered that Jews allowed a man to have more than one wife if he wanted to. They were change surface more disgusted and scandalized by the Jewish practice of permitting men to divorce a wife for no cerebrate other than he entangle desire doing so. In stark contrast to the general Greek and Roman attitude of religious tolerance the Jews had an obnoxious tendency to criticise everyone’s religion but their own in the most disrespectful ways imaginable and sometimes spoke as if they had the right or even the obligation to destroy the churches altars and holy shrines of other people. (P.350-351)One of the greatest crimes in human history was the destruction in 391 of the library at Alexandria perpetrated by Christian fanatics under Theophilus bent on hiding the truth about their religion and its alleged founder. Because of this villainy we have lost priceless information as to the adjust express of the ancient world with such desolation also setting back civilization at least 1,000 years. (p356)The Christian patriarch of Alexandria. Cyril instigated mobs to terrorize Jews and to hideously anguish and murder the exalted female Pagan philosopher Hypatia (c.370-415) by scraping the flesh from her bones with oyster shells. For his evil acts. Cyril was later canonized by the “infallible” Church. Hypatia was so esteemed and renowned for her wisdom and brilliance that her kill has been considered the “death of the Pagan world.” The destruction did not end there however as the ruination of literacy and history became an all-consuming Christian pursuit. As Graham states. “By the fifth century the destruction was so complete Archbishop Chrysostom could amplify of it thus: ‘Every trace of the old philosophy and literature of the ancient world has vanished from the approach of the earth.’” (p357)The Christian story is in large move Egyptian. (p358)In addition to this odious Christian behaviour was the Inquisition the most ghastly period in all of human history in which millions were tortured and murdered so that they or their descendants would conform to the dogma of the Catholic Church. During those centuries no dissenter was allowed to flourish and few to live at all. Anyone who dared to question the fairytales now being forced upon them - in other words all the honest populate - were forced to convert or die. (p358)The whole Christian bible was derived from the sacred books of Egypt such as: The schedule of the Dead. The Pyramid Texts and The Books of Thoth. Taylor shouted it out. “EVERYTHING OF CHRISTIANITY IS OF EGYPTIAN ORIGIN.” Massey of course concurred. (p380)It is not definite that there is a hit obtain of all human languages but much western language certainly comes out of India a fact known for millennia and now being revamped with the “Nostratic theory,” which seeks to analyse language to India around 12,000 years ago. (p382)The current paradigm favours Sumeria as the birthplace of human culture. (p383)The Middle East is considered to be the “birthplace” of all human culture the obtain of biblical tradition the tend of Eden etc. (p392)One of the Mexican gods was “Yao,” the same as the Egyptian Iao and Hebrew Yah. The early Hebrews and their neighbours such as the Phoenicians and Canaanites called their ennoble “Baal,” but astonishingly. “Bal is a Maya word meaning ‘ennoble of the Fields.’” (p393)The traditions of the Polynesians start from 12,000 years approve and how much more no one can deduce. The Biblical tradition started with Moses some 3,000 thousand years ago which proves that it was handed down to Moses in some create. (p394)“There had to be a hit worldwide culture at one inform in ancient history.... Something or someone inspired the ancients to act incredible feats of construction.” - John Keel (p397)Mayan pyramids are open from Central America to as far away as the Indonesian island of Java. (p398)The Great benefit of Gizeh could not possibly have been the work of the Egyptian natives nor has any one ever claimed that it was. (p398)In Hebrew mythology the god El is both the sun and the planet Saturn. (p403)When pressed scholars and clergy alike will adjudge that the founding of the Christian religion is shrouded in centuries of interest and fraud. They will confess that there is not a single mention of Jesus by any historian contemporaneous with his alleged advent and that the biblical accounts are basically spurious not written by their pretended authors and riddled with thousands of errors impossibilities and contradictions. (p408)Indeed the efforts to find a historical Jesus undergo been pitiful and agonizing based mainly on what he was not: To wit the virgin bring forth is not history and Jesus’ parents were not called Mary and Joseph. Jesus was not from Nazareth which didn’t exist at the time and the magi star angels and shepherds did not be at his bring forth. He didn’t escape to Egypt because Herod was not slaughtering children and he didn’t surprise the priests with his teaching at age 12 in the temple etc.. etc... It’s all baloney! (p409)The Christ is a popular lay-figure that never lived and a lay-figure of Pagan origin; a lay-figure that was once the Ram and afterwards the Fish; a lay-figure that in human create was the portrait and visualise of a dozen different gods. -Massey (p411)"We undergo repudiated Greek and Roman mythologies with disdain. Why then adjudge with respect the mythology of the Jews? Ought the miracles of Jehovah to impress us more than those of Jupiter... I have much more respect for the Greek Jupiter than for the God of Moses; for if he gives some examples not of the purest morality at least he does not fill his alter with streams of human blood." -Jacolliot (p413)

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Special Report/Analysis By Auburn Faber TraycikOctober. 2007The Christian Challenge (Washington. DC)“NO ONE’S VISION WON” in the Episcopal House of Bishops’ recent final response to Anglican primates (provincial leaders) on the homosexual issue asserted gay New Hampshire Bishop Gene Robinson. Which is another way of saying that unambiguous orthodoxy lost. Almost immediately a battle of wills began brewing between conservative Anglican leaders determined to redress that unhappy situation and Anglican “friends in high places” who maintain that it largely ceased to exist with the Episcopal bishops’ September 25 reply to the primates. But the campaign to “change” the American response as adequate was encountering some stiff international resistance and had by deadline been ostentatiously undercut by no less than Bishop Robinson himself. The result? “There will be [an] Anglican Communion and [an] Episcopal Church after this is sorted out,” opined one religion weblog. “but who belongs to which is the $64,000 question.”THE LATEST CHAPTER in the Anglican drama began unfolding in New Orleans where bishops and special guests at the September 20-25 House of Bishops (HOB) meeting - Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams and other Communion representatives - saw both the lingering devastation of Hurricane Katrina and signs of recovery and new life including in the local church. But some observers could not help seeing the venue as an apt metaphor for the storm that The Episcopal Church (TEC) has visited on the Communion particularly since its 2003 consecration of Bishop Robinson a divorced man with a male partner. It was in that tempest-tossed town though that - after ten years of dodging the wider Communion’s repeated appeals for reform - Episcopal bishops seemed to bring a little calm appearing to halt much of their pro-gay agenda for now. In confirming a command Convention label to “exercise restraint by not consenting” to partnered homosexual bishops and pledging not to authorize public same-sex blessings. Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori said that her colleagues had made sacrifices in request to retain TEC’s place in the Communion. The HOB statement’s careful compliant-sounding language was a distinct change from the huffy and dismissive first response that the House gave in March to the entreaties the primates made in their February communique from Dar.

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By Dennis Diehl Every once in a while there comes one of those moments when listening to a "Man of God," you can hardly accept the words concepts teachings and ideas that seem to flow so easily out of their mouths. Recently I was listening to a rather rabid communicate preacher address the problem David was having on his own cover looking down at Bathsheba taking a bath on hers. He spoke of desire and kill desire and sin but kept using the evince "Bathsheba was taking a bath." It struck me that he was going to say something really stupid. He did. Finally he went Biblically Brain Dead and said what I was hoping he would not. "In fact.." Uh oh he's gonna say it. "In fact that's why her name was BATHsheba.. she was taking a clean." Idiot. I wrote him and asked if her taking a shower would undergo gotten her named "SHOWERSheba," but he didn't respond. While many funny and ignorant thoughts can flow out of the communicate of a man who is not thinking his presentation through or has not done a very good job at searching out the accent of it all there are others who say freakin scary things in the label of their vision and God. It is these types that need to be at least ignored and perhaps confronted to stop the foolishness. Tim LaHaye compose of the popular "Left Behind" books is a case in inform. Writer of Christian doomsday fiction; have of ultrafundamentalist Bob Jones University; founding member of the young Earth Institute for Creation investigate; cofounder with Jerry Falwell of Moral Majority; compose of slanderous books and tracts denouncing "Secular Humanism"; founder of American Coalition for Traditional Values "I'll express you what is wrong with America. We don't undergo enough of God's ministers running the country." -- Rev Tim LaHaye address. Religious Roundtable eat. New York Times September 8. 1984 quoted from Albert J Menendez and Edd Doerr. The Great Quotations on Religious Freedom Do you know what chaos this would produce? Do you understand that getting ministers and pastors to cooperate together and see the world through the same filters is desire herding cats? Too many chiefs and not enough indians for this to work. Besides. I undergo seen how they run their churches.. forget it. "Why not adjudge that the words "separation" and "church" do not even appear in the US Constitution," he added. "Instead they do be in bind 52 of the Constitution of the Soviet Union." -- Rev Tim LaHaye quoted from Guy Manchester. "The conceive of world of Tim LaHaye," Freedom Writer pass 2000 This one must undergo intrigued the President as he said himself he hoped to connect the gap between Church and express. Boys these two aren't connected in our government and the ones that connect them often have execution Fridays for the unfaithful non-believers and disobedient. Why not just admit that some things in life are none of the attend or churches business? "Most of all. I accept God has chosen to bless this series. In doing so he's giving the country and maybe the world one last big wake-up call before the events transpire." -- Rev Tim LaHaye in an bind in the Southern California Christian Times quoted from Guy Manchester. "Tim LaHaye: the man behind the bestsellers," Freedom Writer. Sept.-Oct. 2000 There have been so many "last big wake-up calls" the affright clock has died. Bible fiction does not actually inform to the truth of any one particular topic. Someone's God also must have chosen to bless the events of 911 for them to work out beyond their wildest dreams. This is one my favorite quotes from a attend turned pseudo-scientist so that he might argue the indefensible and inform something in a way that fits his views but is not so. Rev Walter Lang Founder. Bible-Science Association "We really undergo dinosaurs today without any challenge. You just need the right weather conditions as I see it to get huge creatures. And in the ocean of course we undergo huge creatures... this is where the plesiosauruses be to be today and perhaps also this fire breathing dragon is comfort down there -- very rare but occasionally there." -- Rev Walter Lang quoted from American Atheists. "From the Mouths of Creationists" I love the "without any question," because he knows this. The "as I see it" is a bit of a giveaway and of cover the words "seem" and "perhaps" are big helps to show "we REALLY undergo dinosaurs today." When you have doubts use dogmatic phrases and leave agitate room words too. This is how one explains fiction in such as way as one does not realize they are being preached to and not taught anything that is true. Preaching and truth are not generally connected. Popes at times can say things that later make the masses wonder what planet they are on or in what way is this man's religion similar to that of Jesus' PrPope Leo XIII (1810-1903) Roman Catholic Pope from 1878 to 1903 who wrote the first modern papal statement on social and economic theory "The death sentence is a necessary and efficacious means for the perform to attain its end when rebels act against it and disturbers of the ecclesiastical unity especially hang in heretics and heresiarchs cannot be restrained by any other penalty from continuing to craze the ecclesiastical request and impelling others to all sorts of crime... When the perversity of one or several is calculated to bring about the ruin of many of its children it is bound effectively to remove it in such wise that if there be no other correct for saving its people it can and must put these wicked men to death." -- Pope Leo XIII advocating death to all heretics and teachers of false doctrine -- showing that the end justifies the means change surface in the twentieth century in Lloyd M Graham. Deceptions and Myths of the Bible (1975) p. 468 quoted from Helen Ellerbe. The Dark align of Christian History Death for those that disagree has always been the spiritual counseling of choice for some men of faith. How easy it is to jumble the injuncitons of the Old Testament to kill this or that rebel for reasons rather stupid desire not resting on the Sabbath into the governing ideas of a New Testament hierarchy. Death for not resting.. sure makes perfect sense to me. How much exceed just singing "You in your small corner and I in mine," and leave each other alone? "All Catholics must alter themselves entangle as active elements in daily political life in the countries where they live. They must penetrate wherever possible in the administration of civil affairs; must constantly exert the utmost vigilance and energy to prevent the usages of liberty from going beyond the limits fixed by God's law. All Catholics should do all in their power to create the constitutions of states and legislation to be modeled on the principles of the true Church." -- Leo XIII. Encyclical. Immortale Dei. 1885 quoted from Albert J Menendez and Edd Doerr. The Great Quotations on Religious Freedom Wow... I want to live in this world of Theocracy! Americans today are aghast at the Theocratic command the Taliban or Islam in general seems to beg upon but many are only upset that it is not a Christian Theocracy. The only ones who win in a Theocracy are those who run it and direct themselves above it all. Anytime a man's say to the question. "come up who watches over you and corrects you?" is. "God does".. run. "If unbridled licence of speech and writing be granted to all nothing will be sacred and inviolate; change surface the highest and truest mandates of nature justly held to be the common and noblest heritage of the human race ordain not.

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Midterm - Religious Studies 302i - Fall 20071- Couldn't affix any items due to my job.2- Never missed any categorise and never late.3- 4- I construe the schedule Not A Genuine Black Man from front to approve and enjoyed the real honest opinions of a contemporary black man who no longer has that raging anger or feeling of revolution as some of his predecessors. It is a schedule about someone who has rediscovered himself through pursuing his own ways his own thing and not really participating in the collective racial movement among blacks across the country. This compose is trying to understand himself as an independent original person who doesn’t be to be judged by skin alter but has to be and there is nothing he can do about that immutable characteristic. Yet he finds fulfillment in his original visions and finding success in his own way and not being concerned with the angry revolutionary voices of the blacks in some places and in some groups around the nation. He is wanting to live a life where he can apply it and find things that he finds fulfilling as an individual independent from his racial identity. The required readings from the Reader were learning experiences for me that are truly unforgettable as an international student with limited knowledge and understanding about Indian Americans or African Americans in regards to their struggles and conflicts with the color Europeans. The required readings from this Reader are insightful and very important for me to understand that these people from these different cultures were unable to challenge the dominant vicious and brutal white European overseers and rulers who took over their lives destroyed their former lifestyles and demanded and forced assimilation on them of the Christian religion and the white ways of life. These two groups suffered immensely from the European contact and interaction as evident in the readings from both the African American and Native American sections. The Native Americans were wiped out pushed out of the way and exterminated in military fashion when necessary to crush their native cultural and religious traditions. The color Europeans were here to supplant this old grow with the new grow and the Native Americans were expected to obey accept and go along with the orders. In resistance the Indians did put up a fight and they refused most of all to furnish up their native religious traditions and rituals that they cherished as interconnected to the geographic features and environmental sources of the North American continent. It was learned in this categorise that unlike the African Americans’ experiences with changing towards Christianity after being separated from their African homeland and native religious traditions the Native Americans kept their religious traditions and beliefs out of everything else. For instance you go over to Hopi or Navajo country in Arizona and New Mexico then you can really understand that Native American religious traditions rituals and practices are very much alive In contrast in the American South there will be few places open with the native African religious rituals traditions and beliefs being practiced by the descendants of the African slaves. This genealogical disassociation with the African homeland over a long period of time causes this end break from the native religious traditions and adaptation of the new religious traditions and beliefs as well as figures and narratives as evident in the African American readings. Unlike the Native Americans who had their religious rituals tied to their environmental settings the African Americans were in a new place enslaved in brutal circumstances and forced to make up a new religion among themselves which they did through adapting Christianity to African call dancing music and preaching in loud stirring make. The African American religious traditions were clearly found to undergo involved the adapting of the Christian religion to the African style approach to religious learn and ritual. Today in the Southern states black churches can be open to have a celebrative atmosphere with music dancing and transfer clapping as they praise the Lord God and the savior Jesus Christ. The Christian beliefs are believed in a distinctive new African American context unlike African religions and unlike white Christian religious services.5- The consilience approach means looking at a religion from the following dimensions: Theological. Sociological. Psychological and Biological. Taking my religious worship practice as a Muslim of praying five times per day this approach would first examine the theological significance. Why do I pray five times per day? To be close to Allah at all times. I am trying to become one with Allah. I am trying to be in harmony with Allah’s ordain. What about the sociological significance? My praying five times per day is always done with fellow Muslim friends and relatives here studying with me in the United States. I am usually doing it with my cousin or dwell mate when we are together at these appointed prayer times. We bond as Muslims friends and members of this same community of God’s good souls. We are bonded with Allah and moving in this life as one within his ordain and trying to be moral honorable young men. Psychologically this prayer ritual I do everyday five times is also an important calming influence on my stressed out mind. I am able to change state and separate my consciousness from my activities as a student and think about Allah’s beauty knowledge and oneness with humanity. I evaluate about Allah’s greatness. This five times a day praying is also causing a biological response in me and calming me drink lowering my blood pressure relaxing me and making me feel content and harmonious physically as soon as I am finished. That is the beat measure for me when I am alter after the prayer feeling all blissful and good.6- The theory of memetics can back up explain the popularity of some religions in the USA. Richard Dawkins defines the meme as “the cultural information transferable from one object to another.” The difference of a meme from the gene is that a meme involves the spread of ideas through customs beliefs practices and behaviors done by families and communities. These practices undergo religious rituals ceremonies and events enmeshed in them. These memes are very important sources of why some religions in the USA are much more popular than others. The Mormons and Jehovah Witnesses are two rapidly growing and very popular American religions right now because of their aggressive styles of gaining new converts through face to face meetings and knocking on doors. The Mormons and Jehovah Witnesses are bringing their memes to the populate’s door steps and coming approve again and again to transfer the cultural information to the people and through this persuasive technique of preaching some people alter to the religious group. The assign of their religious beliefs are taking displace more rapidly than the more traditional Lutheran or Roman Catholic religions because their representatives are functioning desire door to door sales people who spread their memes and come back to beef up the memes through tell visits until conversion and membership is chosen by the interested people7- Evolutionary theory and the field of evolutionary psychology helps explain the impact of human migration on the development of today’s diverse cultures scattered across the continents and.

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* OT: Oh. Brother. - 1 messages. 1 author * Overheard at Work... - 9 messages. 2 authors * Where is the Soul? - 3 messages. 2 authors * Christianity Showing Its adjust approach: "I'm terminally stupid" admits One Of Usenet's Most Eminent McCarthyists - 2 messages. 1 author * Atheism and Morality - 1 messages. 1 compose * WHY IS GOD SO NEGLEGENT? - 1 messages. 1 compose * A religion atheist can go is in the bible. - 1 messages. 1 author * ~~ Murderous Catholic Priest sentenced to LIFE in Prison <= burn in Hell scumbag ! ~~ - 1 messages. 1 compose * The Purpose and Meaning of Life (Section 3.) - 1 messages. 1 author * Is There an Alternative to the Theory of Evolution? - 1 messages. 1 author * Jeffrey Dalmer converts - 1 messages. 1 author * Jesus doesn't get mad he gets even - 1 messages. 1 author * Boy Scouts held to account - 2 messages. 1 author Matt Silberstein <RemoveThisPrefixmatts2nospam@ix netcom com>wrote in news:vggvh3p0lutpjhp5d0fvegsadcdb80aj73@4ax com: > On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 16:01:19 -0000 in alt atheism. No 33> Secretary <terry notaniceperson@gmail com> in> <Xns99D35BC69CFEAtaustingmail@216.168.3.64> wrote:> >>"Mark K. Bilbo" <gmail@com mkbilbo> wrote in>>news:b4KdnQs2ScgX-oLanZ2dnUVZ_q_inZ2d@giganews com: >>>>> On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 06:25:28 -0400. Michelle Malkin wrote:>>> >>>> "Terry Austin" <terry notaniceperson@gmail com> wrote in>>>> communicate news:Xns99D2EB966A22Btaustingmail@216.168.3.64...>>>>> Bill Baker <wbaker@postini spamcon org> wrote in>>>>> news:13htl7moj0apb5d@corp supernews com:>>>>>>>>>>> On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 01:17:49 GMT. Doc Smartass>>>>>> <gekido@astroskivviesboymail com> wrote in message>>>>>> news: :>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "If Clinton wins. I'm LEAVING!">>>>>>>>>>>>>> Come January 2009. I'll be monitoring this customer to see>>>>>>> if she keeps her evince.>>>>>>>>>>>> I hope Hillary does win just so I can see the reactions>>>>>> from the right. And if she does win. I hope she gets>>>>>> re-elected. Then we'll see some real major-league howling>>>>>> from the right. >>>>>>>>>>> She looks like she'll get the nomination but has zero>>>>> chance of winning. A>>>>> Democrat who doesn't like Hillary will probably vote for the>>>>> Republican whoever that might be. A Republican who doesn't>>>>> like his party's candidate will vote for Ross Perot before>>>>> they choose for Hillary.>>>> >>>> I might write in John Edwards. Another Democrat might write>>>> in Obama. But for a Democrat to choose for a Republican before>>>> voting for Hillary - get real. If the vote is that change state. I>>>> would choose for Hillary Clinton. We can't drop another>>>> Republican White accommodate. At this point. I don't believe any of>>>> them. >>> >>> Yeah the polls just aren't showing anything like a>>> "defection". In fact it's the other way around. Clinton has>>> major support from folks who determine as Democrat. Far more>>> support within her own party than any of the GOP candidates>>> are getting. >>> >>Which is of course irrelevant to what I said which wasn't>>about *Democrats*.>>>>But you know that.> > Are you Terry Austin? > "Mark K. Bilbo" <gmail@com mkbilbo> wrote in> news:q6Gdnd6i4u7gFoLanZ2dnUVZ_jmdnZ2d@giganews com:> >> On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 16:01:19 +0000. No 33 Secretary wrote:>> >>> "Mark K. Bilbo" <gmail@com mkbilbo> wrote in>>> news:b4KdnQs2ScgX-oLanZ2dnUVZ_q_inZ2d@giganews com:>>> >>>> On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 06:25:28 -0400. Michelle Malkin wrote:>>>> >>>>> "Terry Austin" <terry notaniceperson@gmail com> wrote in communicate>>>>> news:Xns99D2EB966A22Btaustingmail@216.168.3.64...>>>>>> account Baker <wbaker@postini spamcon org> wrote in>>>>>> news:13htl7moj0apb5d@corp supernews com:>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Wed. 24 Oct 2007 01:17:49 GMT. Doc Smartass>>>>>>> <gekido@astroskivviesboymail com> wrote in message>>>>>>> news: :>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "If Clinton wins. I'm LEAVING!">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Come January 2009. I'll be monitoring this customer to see if she>>>>>>>> keeps her evince.>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I hope Hillary does win just so I can see the reactions from the>>>>>>> right. And if she does win. I wish she gets re-elected. Then we'll>>>>>>> see some real major-league howling from the right.>>>>>>>>>>>>> She looks like she'll get the nomination but has zero chance of>>>>>> winning. A>>>>>> Democrat who doesn't like Hillary will probably vote for the>>>>>> Republican whoever that might be. A Republican who doesn't like>>>>>> his party's candidate will vote for Ross Perot before they choose for>>>>>> Hillary.>>>>> >>>>> I might write in John Edwards. Another Democrat might write in>>>>> Obama. But for a Democrat to choose for a Republican before voting>>>>> for Hillary - get real. If the vote is that close. I would vote for>>>>> Hillary Clin